第三课：在中国餐厅

toc = I 学习目标( xué xí mù biāo) Learning Objective=


 * To name some common Chinese food.
 * To use verbs to order food in a Chinese restaurant.
 * To use appropriate measure words for food items.
 * To use adjectives to describe taste of different flavored food.
 * To ask and tell the price.

=II 学习内容（xué xí nèi róng）Content of Study=

1. 词汇学习(cí huì xué xí ) Vocabulary Study
media type="custom" key="26362480"

2. 汉字的演变 (hàn zì de yǎn biàn) Evolution of characters
大 media type="custom" key="26362702" 中 media type="custom" key="26362710" 小 media type="custom" key="26362706" 果 media type="custom" key="26362714"

3. 词语卡片（cí yǔ kǎ piàn）Flashcard and Games
media type="custom" key="26362594"

4. 语法小结 （yǔ fǎ xiǎo jié）Grammar Notes
toc

A. Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meaning
You probably already know the basic meaning of [|要 (yào)] as "to want. " It's actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)." In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express. In this unit, we will learn about 要 as "want". This structure could be used ordering food in a restaurant or a shop. So it's used for saying that you want //something//.

Structure
Subject + 要 + Noun

Examples

 * 我 //要// 一 杯 水. I want a cup of water.
 * 我 //要// 一 杯 咖啡. I want a cup of coffee.
 * 我 //要// 一 个 面包. I want bread.
 * 你 //要// 热 牛奶 吗？ Do you want warm milk?
 * 我 //要// 苹果 汁. I want apple juice.

B. Simple "noun + adjective" sentences
n English, nouns can be linked to adjectives and other nouns with the verb //to be//. In Chinese, [|nouns] are linked in different ways to [|adjectives] and other nouns. Nouns are linked to [|nouns with 是 (shì)]. Nouns are linked to adjectives with 很 (hěn).

Structure
Noun + 很 + Adjective The noun in this structure is the subject of the sentence. Sometimes the 很 (hěn) in this structure is translated as "very", but often it is just a way to link a noun to an adjective.

Examples
In the following examples, 很 (hěn) is just a link, and the sentences could be translated as "(Noun) is (adjective)".
 * 我 //很// 好. I'm good.
 * 她 //很// 高. She's tall.
 * 这杯茶//很// 苦. This cup of tea is very bitter.
 * 你 //很// 好看. You are good-looking.
 * 猫 //很// 小. The cat is small.

C. Expressing "excessively" with "tai"
The simplest structure for expressing //too// in the sense of //excessively// in Chinese uses the word 太 (tài). But don't forget 了 (le) at the end of the sentence.

Structure
太 + Adjective + 了 As in English, this can express that something really is excessive, or can colloquially express the meaning of //so// or //very//. Note that in Chinese, you can say "太好了" which just means "very good" (whereas in English the phrase "too good" sometimes makes it sound like there's reason for suspicion).

Examples

 * 他 //太// 重 //了//. He is too heavy. / He is very heavy.
 * 米饭 //太// 少 //了//. There is too little rice. / There is very little rice.
 * 肉太咸了. The meat is too salty.
 * 你 //太// 好 //了//. You are "too good" [so great].
 * 咖啡太苦了. The coffee is too bitter.

D.The "all" adverb
The adverb 都 (dōu) is used to express "all" in Chinese. It's very common to use 都 (dōu) in all sorts of sentences where we would find it unnecessary in English. = III 影像资料 (yǐng xiàng zī liào)Video = 舌尖上的中国 (a bit of China) 1 media type="custom" key="26362844"
 * 我们 //都// 爱 你 . Wǒmen //dōu// ài nǐ. We all love you.
 * 你们 //都// 学 中文 吗 ？ Nǐmen //dōu// xué Zhōngwén ma? Do you all study Chinese?
 * 我们 //都// 在 上海 . Wǒmen //dōu// zài Shànghǎi. We are all in Shanghai.
 * 我们 //都// 可以 去 吗 ？ Wǒmen //dōu// kěyǐ qù ma? Can we all go?
 * 他们 //都// 踢 足球 . Tāmen //dōu// tī zúqiú. They all play soccer.
 * 你们 //都// 用 wiki 吗 ？ Nǐmen //dōu// yòng wiki ma? Do you all use the wiki?
 * 你们 //都// 喜欢 喝 咖啡 吗 ？ Nǐmen //dōu// xǐhuan hē kāfēi ma? Do you all like drinking coffee?

舌尖上的中国 (a bit of China) 2

media type="custom" key="26362848" media type="custom" key="26362826"